What Are The Microbial Enzymes’ Commercial Applications?

Microbial enzymes are a diverse group of products with numerous applications in various industries, including agriculture, chemical, food processing, textile, pharmaceuticals, wood processing, analytical applications, cosmetics, and environmental pollution control. They have gained interest due to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization. Currently, approximately 200 types of microbial enzymes from 4000 known enzymes are used commercially, with only about 20 produced on a truly industrial scale. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are good producers of thermostable α-amylase.

Microbial enzymes have been widely used in industries and medicine due to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization. Their special characteristics include thermotolerance, thermophilic nature, and tolerance to a varied range. Applications of these enzymes have been established in starch liquefaction, paper, food, sugar, and pharmaceutical industries.

Microbial enzymes are also used in the baking industry as flavor enhancement and antistaling agent to improve bread quality. Enzymes are used in industrial processes such as baking, brewing, detergents, fermented products, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and leather processing. In the food industry, microbial enzymes are used in dairy, baking, food processing and packaging, animal feed, and other food products.

Enzymes play key roles in numerous biotechnology products and processes commonly encountered in the production of food and beverages, detergents, and animal feeds. They are also used in cheese production, baking, soya hydrolyzed preparation, and meat tenderizes. The development of industrial bioprocesses relies heavily on microbial enzymes, making them ideal tools for various industrial uses.

What are the commercial uses of enzymes?

Enzymes are used to make and improve nearly 400 everyday consumer and commercial products. They are used in foods and beverages processing, animal nutrition, textiles, household cleaning and fuel for cars and energy generation.

Enzymes are widely used by the food industry for processing raw materials for the production of numerous and common products such as dairy, bakery products, meat products, fruit products, beer and wine.

They are also used in numerous technical applications such as in paper recycling to remove ink, laundry and dishwashing detergents (to remove grease, starch and protein stains), textile processing and fabric finishing (i. e. to remove impurities, to provide a stone washed effect), ethanol production to break down the starch and cellulose into fermentable sugars.

What are the commercial applications of microbial enzymes?

Microbial enzymes, which make up around 90% of the global lipase market, are widely used in various industries such as food, biofuel, detergents, animal feed, leather, textile, and paper processing. These enzymes are more stable than plant and animal enzymes and can be produced cost-effectively with less time and space required. They are also known for their high consistency, making process modification and optimization easy.

Microbial enzymes are preferred over plants or animals due to their ease, cost-effectiveness, and consistency. They are used in various industries, such as food, detergent, paper, and textile industries, for producing glucose syrups, crystalline glucose, high fructose corn syrups, and maltose syrups. In the detergent industry, they are used as additives to remove starch-based stains, while in the paper industry, they reduce starch viscosity for paper coating. In the textile industry, amylases are used for warp sizing of textile fibers.

Enzymes like proteases, lipases, and xylanases also have wide applications in the food industry. These enzymes are used in various industries, such as brewing, baking, and juice clarification, to improve the taste and texture of food products. The advancement of enzyme technology in the food industry has led to a wide range of applications for these enzymes.

Why are microbial enzymes used?

Microbial enzymes have long been used by industrial product makers as major catalysts to transform raw materials into end products. Over 500 commercial products are made using enzymes. They are economically produced by different microorganisms and are quickly broken down when they have done their job.

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What are the industrial uses of enzymes in Paper industry?

Types of Enzymes Used in Paper and Pulp Industries. There are several types of enzymes that are used in the paper and pulp industries, including cellulase enzymes, hemicellulase enzymes, pectinase enzymes, and xylanase enzymes.

Cellulase enzymes break down the cellulose fibers in paper and pulp to improve the strength and brightness of the final product. Hemicellulase enzymes break down hemicellulose, a complex sugar found in plant cell walls, to improve the brightness and softness of paper and pulp. Pectinase enzymes break down pectin, a type of carbohydrate found in plant cell walls, to improve the clarity of juices and other products made from fruit. Xylanase enzymes break down xylan, another type of carbohydrate found in plant cell walls, to improve the brightness and strength of paper and pulp.

Applications of Enzymes in Pulp Processing. Enzymes have a variety of applications in pulp processing, including deinking of recycled paper, brightening of pulp, and pulp bleaching.

Deinking recycled paper is a process that removes ink and other contaminants from recycled paper fibers to produce high-quality pulp. Enzymes can be used in this process to break down the contaminants, making it easier to remove them and producing a cleaner, higher-quality pulp.

What are the commercial application of enzymes in food?

Enzymes are used by the food industries for processing raw materials for the production of numerous and common products such as bakery products, dairy products, meat products, fruit products, beer and wine.

Enzymes are broadly used in the production of alcoholic beverages and certain food products.

Other than the production, these enzymes are also used in improving the quality of food products, such as improving the quality of the food, taste, flavour, colour, etc. The applications of enzymes include:

• Addition of α-Amylase and glucoamylase for improving the quality of the food.
• Addition of peroxidase for the colour and nutritional quality of the food.
• Addition of lipase, xylanase and glucose oxidase for the improvement of the flavour.

What is the way in which enzymes are obtained for commercial use?

Newer approaches work with existing microorganisms and apply genetics or molecular biology to incorporate new features to the protein structure so that new, desired enzyme properties can be achieved in the lab. Ultimately, industrial enzymes are produced by fermentation, similar to the production of beer or wine. The organisms are fermented using a suitable nutrient and controlled conditions to produce the enzymes, through both intracellular or extracellular expression. The enzymes are then separated through centrifugation or filtration and stabilized to maintain suitable shelf lives.

Collectively, these approaches have created a large variety of enzymes available for industrial use – and the list grows longer every day. EDT has developed a broad enzyme library of potential raw materials which we use to formulate custom products for prospective customers. This library is expanding rapidly due to the significant work that has been under way for the past few years on cellulosic degradation for the production of ethanol. The results are exceptional versatility in performance and a superior value for our customers.

What are 3 industries that use enzymes?

Enzymes play a crucial role in various industrial processes, including baking, brewing, detergents, fermented products, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and leather processing. They are also used in the pharmaceutical and analytical industries, providing therapeutic drugs for health issues related to enzymatic deficiency and digestive disorders. Enzymes are also used in diagnostic procedures like ELISA and diabetes testing kits.

Medical applications of microbial enzymes are expanding rapidly, with their most prominent uses being the removal of dead skin, burns, and clot busting. Nattokinase, a potent fibrinolytic enzyme, is a promising agent for thrombosis therapy. Acid protease, dextranase, and rhodanase are used to treat alimentary dyspepsia, tooth decay, and cyanide poisoning. Lipases are the most frequently used enzymes in organic synthesis, synthesising optically active alcohols, acids, esters, and lactones. Microbial lipases and polyphenol oxidases are involved in the synthesis of (2R, 3S)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) methyl glycidate and 3, 4-dihydroxylphenyl alanine (DOPA), which are used for Parkinson’s disease treatment. Tyrosinase is involved in melanogenesis and the production of l-Dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-DOPA), which is used as a precursor for the production of dopamine, a potent drug for Parkinson’s disease treatment and control of myocardium neurogenic injury. Chitosanase catalyzes the hydrolysis of chitosan to biologically active chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), which are used as antimicrobial, antioxidant, lowering blood cholesterol and high blood pressure, controlling arthritis, protective effects against infections, and improving antitumor properties.

What is the most important source of commercial enzymes?

In the twentieth century, enzymes began to be isolated from living cells, which led to their large-scale commercial production and wider application in the food industry. Today, microorganisms are the most important source of commercial enzymes. Although microorganisms do not contain the same enzymes as plants or animals, a microorganism can usually be found that produces a related enzyme that will catalyse the desired reaction. Enzyme manufacturers have optimized microorganisms for the production of enzymes through natural selection and classical breeding techniques.

Direct genetic modification (biotechnology) encompasses the most precise methods for optimizing microorganisms for the production of enzymes. These methods are used to obtain high-yielding production organisms. Biotechnology also provides the tools to have a genetic sequence from a plant, animal, or a microorganism, from which commercial scale enzyme production is not adequate, to be transferred to a microorganism that has a safe history of enzyme production for food use.

Although the production organism is genetically modified the enzyme it produces is not. Enzymes produced through biotechnology are identical to those found in nature. Additionally, enzymes produced by microorganisms are extracted and purified before they are used in food manufacturing. Genetically modified microorganisms are useful from a commercial standpoint but would not survive in nature.

How are enzymes obtained for commercial use?

Commercial enzymes are produced from the fermentation of specially selected nonpathogenic, nontoxigenic strains of microorganisms or extracted and purified from plant or animal sources. Typically, the enzyme preparation does not contain the production microorganism. Enzyme products are available in a variety of physical forms: Liquids, slurries, granules and powders.

What are the uses of enzymes in medicine?

Enzymes Used In The Manufacture Of Medicines. Immobilised enzymes are used in the manufacture of many drugs and antibiotics. This is attainable as enzymes convert the pro-drug molecules to medication or beginning material to medication. Also, steroidal drugs are manufactured by enzyme action on plant steroids.

Enzymes Used In Toothpaste. Enzymes of papaya and pineapple are used in the dentifrice. They are found to remove the stain on teeth to give white and sparkling teeth.

In which industries microbial enzymes are used?

Microbial enzymes are used instead of chemical catalysts in chemical industry.