New research has found that the PKCΛ enzyme, which inhibits insulin activity by acting on insulin receptors, may cause type II diabetes. This enzyme is found to be linked to a common protein and a subset of switched-off genes in pancreatic beta cells. The findings suggest that type II diabetes may be driven by an overabundance of NO attaching to proteins like insulin.
Glycolysis is one of the most significantly upregulated pathways in diabetic islets, with a marked increase in most glycolytic enzymes at a certain point. Too much enzyme activity causes diabetes, but a case is made for many enzymes putting nitric oxide on many proteins, leading to new treatments. Insulin deficiency increases protein breakdown and increases amino acid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
The etiology of diabetes and associated diseases has been linked to unbalanced TG2 activity, which may not only result in impaired or delayed wound healing but also contribute to diabetic complications. Hyperglycemia is increasingly regarded as the cause of diabetic complications, particularly through the ability of glucose to glycate proteins and generate glucose.
| Article | Description | Site |
|---|---|---|
| New cause of diabetes discovered, offering potential target … | Enzyme activity in excess of the optimal level is a contributing factor to the development of diabetes. However, there is a rationale for the involvement of numerous enzymes in the attachment of nitric oxide to a multitude of proteins, which could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. | thedaily.case.edu |
| Inhibition of Key Enzymes Linked to Type 2 Diabetes and … | G Oboh has cited this text 88 times.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by an inherited or acquired deficiency in insulin secretion and by decreased sensitivity of the organs to … | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
| Protein metabolism in diabetes mellitus | In individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), the majority of whole-body protein turnover studies have demonstrated that insulin deficiency precipitates an increase in protein breakdown and amino acid… | www.sciencedirect.com |
📹 Fatty Acids and Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
This animation helps the learner to understand the lipid abnormalities commonly seen in patients with type 2 diabetes.
What proteins are responsible for diabetes?
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a type of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance, impaired secretion, and high glucose production. Obesity is a common cause of this disease, as adipocytes secrete biological proteins that modulate insulin secretion and may contribute to insulin resistance. The pancreatic islets are unable to sustain the hyperinsulinemia state, leading to impaired glucose tolerance.
The molecular mechanism of insulin resistance involves reduced levels of insulin receptors and tyrosine kinase activity in skeletal muscles, which are most likely to cause hyperinsulinemia. Postreceptor defects play a dominant role in insulin resistance, with polymorphisms in insulin receptor substrates (IRS) potentially linked to glucose intolerance.
The pathogenesis of insulin resistance is focused on signaling defects of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3 kinase), which lowers the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. Insulin gives rise to elevated glucose transport via the PI-3-kinase pathway and stimulates the translocation of intracellular vesicles with glucose transporters like GLUT4 to the plasma membrane.
Some pathways of insulin signal transduction, such as cell growth/differentiation and mitogenic activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, are not resistant to the effect of insulin, leading to hyperinsulinemia and accelerated diabetes and other conditions like atherosclerosis. Free fatty acids can impair glucose utilization in muscles, promote liver glucose production, and impair beta-cell function in obese type 2 DM patients.
Which enzyme causes diabetes?
Research led by the Centenary Institute has discovered that the lack of an enzyme in the liver called sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) results in pronounced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, both symptoms of early stage type 2 diabetes.
The findings raises the possibility of a new treatment approach for diabetic patients whose glucose blood levels are dangerously high.
In the study, reported in the science journal ‘Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), the researchers were able to demonstrate that the enzyme SphK2 was crucial to the blood glucose regulation process.
Does protein cause sugar spike?
Eat a healthy dinner, too. Blood sugar is usually hardest to control later in the day. That’s why many experts say you should choose a dinner or after-dinner snack low in carbohydrates, especially the processed kind. Fat and protein don’t cause blood sugar to rise the same way carbs do. If you’re not sure how to balance your meals, ask your doctor for a referral to a dietitian who specializes in diabetes.
Plan when you eat. If you have diabetes or prediabetes, having meals and snacks too close together may not give your blood sugar level time to drop naturally after you eat. Make sure your meals are 4 to 5 hours apart. If you need a snack, do it 2 to 3 hours after your last meal.
Not getting enough rest does more than make you groggy. It also affects how well your body can control and break down blood sugar. Skimping on sleep, even for one night, makes your body use insulin less efficiently. That can make your blood sugar higher than it should be.
In one study, researchers asked healthy adults to sleep just 4 hours a night for 6 days. At the end of the study, their bodies’ ability to break down glucose was 40% lower on average. Why? Doctors believe that when you enter deep sleep, your nervous system slows down and your brain uses less blood sugar.
What is the main protein hormone involved in diabetes?
The difference is in how these hormones contribute to blood sugar regulation. Glucagon increases blood sugar levels, whereas insulin decreases blood sugar levels. If your pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or your body doesn’t use it properly, you can have high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), which leads to diabetes.
What is the difference between glucagon and glycogen?. Glucagon and glycogen are not the same. Glycogen is a stored form of glucose (sugar). Your body primarily stores glycogen in your liver and muscles.
Glucagon is a hormone that triggers liver glycogen to convert back into glucose and to enter your bloodstream so that your body can use it for energy.
What is the actual cause of diabetes?
The exact cause of most types of diabetes is unknown. In all cases, sugar builds up in the bloodstream. This is because the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes may be caused by a combination of genetic or environmental factors. It is unclear what those factors may be.
Risk factors. Risk factors for diabetes depend on the type of diabetes. Family history may play a part in all types. Environmental factors and geography can add to the risk of type 1 diabetes.
Sometimes family members of people with type 1 diabetes are tested for the presence of diabetes immune system cells (autoantibodies). If you have these autoantibodies, you have an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. But not everyone who has these autoantibodies develops diabetes.
What proteins are involved in insulin?
Insulin is produced in a precursor form called proinsulin, which consists of a single chain of protein building blocks (amino acids). The proinsulin chain is cut (cleaved) to form individual pieces called the A and B chains, which are joined together by connections called disulfide bonds to form insulin.
Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. At least 10 mutations in the INS gene have been identified in people with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. Individuals with this condition often have a low birth weight and develop increased blood glucose (hyperglycemia) within the first 6 months of life.
INS gene mutations that cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the protein sequence. These mutations are believed to disrupt the cleavage of the proinsulin chain or the binding of the A and B chains to form insulin, leading to impaired blood glucose control.
Is diabetes caused by too much protein?
A meta-analysis of this topic pointed out total protein intake may increase the risk of T2D, while long-term follow-up observational studies have suggested that high protein intake is not an independent risk factor for T2D.
Abstract. The relationship between dietary protein consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the relations between dietary protein consumption and the risk of T2D. We conducted systematic retrieval of prospective studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Summary relative risks were compiled with a fixed effects model or a random effects model, and a restricted cubic spline regression model and generalized least squares analysis were used to evaluate the diet–T2D incidence relationship. T2D risk increased with increasing consumption of total protein and animal protein, red meat, processed meat, milk, and eggs, respectively, while plant protein and yogurt had an inverse relationship. A non-linear association with the risk for T2D was found for the consumption of plant protein, processed meat, milk, yogurt, and soy. This meta-analysis suggests that substitution of plant protein and yogurt for animal protein, especially red meat and processed meat, can reduce the risk for T2D.
Keywords: protein, diet, type 2 diabetes, dose-response, meta-analysis.
1. Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is considered a serious public health issue worldwide with the vast majority of patients having type 2 diabetes (T2D). According to the International Diabetes Federation, T2D is expected to grow by 54. 5 percent from 2013 levels by 2035 . Accordingly, T2D is a tremendous burden on the economic and social medical security system .
What is diabetic protein?
- Beans such as black, kidney and pinto
- Bean products like baked beans and refried beans
- Hummus and falafel
- Lentils such as brown, green or yellow
- Peas such as black-eyed or split peas
- Edamame
- Soy nuts
- Nuts and spreads like almond butter, cashew butter or peanut butter
- Tempeh, tofu
- Products like meatless “chicken” nuggets, “beef” crumbles, “burgers”, “bacon”, “sausage” and “hot dogs”
Fish and seafood. Try to include fish at least two times per week.
- Fish high in omega-3 fatty acids like Albacore tuna, herring, mackerel, rainbow trout, sardines and salmon
- Other fish including catfish, cod, flounder, haddock, halibut, orange roughy and tilapia
- Shellfish including clams, crab, imitation shellfish, lobster, scallops, shrimp and oysters.
What are the enzymes responsible for glucose?
Glucose 6-Phosphatase. Glucose-6-phosphatase is a microsomal enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose.
About ScienceDirect Shopping cart Contact and support Terms and conditions Privacy policy.
Cookies are used by this site. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies.
Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the Creative Commons licensing terms apply.
Does protein turn into glucose?
Protein and blood glucose. In addition to helping the body grow, protein can also be broken down by the body into glucose and used for energy (a process known as gluconeogenesis).
Protein can be broken down into glucose by the body and the effects are more likely to be noticed if you are having meals with less carbohydrate.
Protein is broken down into glucose less efficiently than carbohydrate and, as a result, any effects of protein on blood glucose levels tend to occur any where between a few hours and several hours after eating.
People with type 1 diabetes, or type 2 diabetes on insulin, may need to bear the effects of protein in mind if having a largely protein based meal. It’s best to learn how your sugar levels react to such meals so that you can judge the right insulin requirements.
What is glucose in protein?
Protein is broken down into smaller building block units called amino acids, which your body then uses to build and repair tissues or convert into glucose in the liver. Amino acids are used in a process called gluconeogenesis, which produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This process is especially important during long fasts, like overnight while sleeping, or during prolonged periods without food.
In other words, amino acids have a minimal impact on blood glucose levels in healthy people. So, how important is protein in your diet? Let’s look at the role of protein in blood sugar.
Even though protein doesn’t necessarily impact blood sugar levels directly, it can still have a stabilizing effect on them. When you eat carbohydrate-heavy meals or snacks, your blood sugar will rise as those carbs are broken down into glucose. Pairing carbs with protein can help prevent sharp rises in blood sugar levels.
📹 Your Fatty Pancreas Caused Your Diabetes
Could a fatty pancreas be what caused your diabetes? Find out more. Timestamps: 0:00 What caused your diabetes? 0:13 Normal …
I got back through a tear in the the space-time continuum just in time for this important article. Yesterday, I was working at a rent house where the lady was a self described diabetic. I talked up Keto. She told me that life wasn’t worth living if she couldn’t have her potatoes and sweets. I realized I was wasting my time preaching to a brick wall.
I am grateful you share your knowledge and experience with your audience. You are saving people’s lives every day, by providing the information they need to care for themselves properly, rather than by pushing prescription medications at them. You definitely have a heart of gold! Thank you for helping me live my best life. 💛💛💛
Nutritional ketosis also fights cancer. I am trying to stay in ketosis to keep killing my brain tumor. Been at this for 2 years now. At first I was afraid I couldn’t afford all the macadamia nuts and coconut oil. But now I’ve figured it out and I just have a very “boring” diet. It’s not boring I guess, just very simple. And it definitely helps that I’m growing a vegetable garden so I can afford “organic” veggies
The information you share with us is so valuable Dr Berg! I wish my friend would follow you! Her doctors are leading her wrongly in my opinion! (she has diabetes,is 400+ lbs, with heart and thyroid issues, and no doubt pancreas too…and doesn’t seem to want to seriously learn correct ways of healing herself, preferring to listen to her doctor who prescribes the meds, tells her she needs to eat a snack when her blood sugar is low, etc…what a mess!)
I have always had trouble with the hypothesis of the beta cells in the pancreas burning out. It just didn’t make sense to me. The ectopic fat theory makes more sense, but I also think the body down-regulates the insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia. Whatever the case, in the last 5 years keeping normal blood sugars I have experienced what appears to be some recovery in my insulin sensitivity and my doctor says he does not see this in his practice. That’s probably because most of his patients are relying on drugs to control their blood sugars.
Dr. Berg you are absolutely AMAZING..! Thank you. I,m at the border of being diabetes..! I have been eating too much of white rice ( for most of my life ) it was the biggest surprises of my life..! I don’t eat much of junk food or sweet.And no btw meals. The nutritionist said I,m eating. right but too much of white rice..! And now I,m trying not to cross that line..!
brilliant simple to follow demonstration of how we develop “diabetes type 2” (most misleading name ever ?) aka Pancreatic Failure, or Fatty Pancreas — and how to reverse it — and why it’s reversible only through diet. how I wish I could get some of my friends to watch and assimilate this and apply it.
Dr berg do you believe pancreatitis can be fully reversed? I have some people suggesting I stop doing keto and i am freaked out because i am fully committed to your ways of eating and fasting. I do intermittent fast every day and just finished a 47 hour fast a few hours ago, my second one in 2 weeks. I hope you see this comment and can help because you are great. Thankyou for everything I watch everything you put out and appreciate it so much.
Hi, Doctor Berg! This is an amazing article. Even after years of my own personal research, this is a completely joined up explanation of the cascade from crappy diet through to diabetes, and still there are very few articles on fatty pancreas. Thank you for that. Question: What happens to the ectopic fat cells in the pancreas, liver, muscles, etc., once you have drained them of their contents? Do they just lay there “dormant,” or do they get destroyed at a certain point of time (e.g. via autophagy through fasting), and what are the consequences of that?
DR. Berg thank you for sharing your knowledge. I had the tingling in my feet and also in my fingers. I watched one of your articles that you said that was due to being Diabetic or Insulin resistance. I watched more articles and started a Keto + alternative Fast diet. Two weeks on my new diet and the pain and tingling in my arm and leg are almost completely gone.
What caused my Diabetes is the attack against the beta cells of my pancreas, which my immune system mistakenly decided to mount. I am a Type 1 Diabetic (specifically LADA), having been originally (mis)diagnosed with Type 2, and struggling to successfully manage for about 6 years, until a long personal quest for the truth finally led me to being properly rediagnosed as Type 1. I’m a long time subscriber, and I largely appreciate and trust all of your content I’ve viewed, Dr. Berg. However, considering the recently shifting climate of Alphabet/Google/YouTube heavily modifying their search algorithms with regard to relevancy, and discriminating on that content which it concludes does not exactly align with the messaging of the “medical establishment,” and such, there is something important to point out here. Clearly, when presenting content about Diabetes, and especially on what potentially causes it, the distinction between Type 1 and Type 2 is VERY important to include. While a person diagnosed as a Type 1 Diabetic may have had a fatty pancreas prior to, or at the time their immune system decides to attack their beta cells, I don’t think there is any evidence that a fatty pancreas had anything to do with the process which rendered their pancreas Insufficient at producing adequate insulin. I believe “Type 2” or “T2” should have preceeded “Diabetes” in the article’s title, thumbnail and content in this article. Only once, near the end of your article, did you add the words Type 2 ahead of the word Diabetes in the spoken word content.
Even on keto diet one has restrict calories, especially from protein. Too much dietary protein increases the levels of amino acids, which keep mTOR at high levels. High levels of mTOR regulator prevent autophagy even when intermittent fasting… Too much calories from protein in the diet can lead to increased blood sugar levels, as excess amino acids are converted to glucose, which in turn can feed cancer cells the same way sugar does…
Dr. Berg, thank you for this very interesting and informative article. It made a lot of sense to me at first. Then I became confused. When I was first diagnosed with type II diabetes my pancreas was still producing plenty of insulin. My problem was insulin resistance which happens throughout the body at the cellular level. Doesn’t insulin resistance happen when your pancreas is still producing sufficient or perhaps even too much insulin? Wouldn’t that happen before the pancreas becomes too fatty to function properly? I truly am confused and would greatly appreciate your response. Thank you for all that you do to help people. (BTW I started eating healthy a few years back and have gone off all my meds!).
Is there any test to see what condition my pancreas is in?? I understand if Glucose test is over 100, thats an indicator but any other way?? I’ve been doing Keto IF since Jan and I’m still about 130. I know it will take time and I probably need to do more IF, longer than 18 hours. Any other advice?? Thank you so much Dr. Berg.
I’m a vegetarian. I have genetic high cholesterol and started a statin. My total cholesterol is now 135. I do not have diabetes but I do have gallbladder disease. I had a routine lung scan and it shows fat infiltration of pancreas changes ? Can my gallbladder be causing this? I am not overweight. Walk everyday. Is there an eating way to get rid of this being a vegetarian? Thank you. I will be seeing a doctor.
Before I continue, I think Dr. Berg’s articles are fabulous, I just get a little irritated when on YouTube (or even on tv), whenever diabetes is mentioned they are really talking about type 2 and not type 1. This is for other type 1’s diabetics and Dr. Berg. By the way, type 1 and type 2 diabetes are very different. Type 2 is really insulin resistance and I wish doctor’s would tell their patients that and how they can reverse it and not be diabetic again. They go back to their lives as if it was a bad dream. Type 1’s cannot ever reverse it because it is an “autoimmune disease”. We have to wait for a cure. Huge difference. I remember when I was first diagnosed in the hospital, I had the doctor check again to make sure I really was a type 1…I was hoping to be a type 2 because I knew that type 2 could be reversed but a type 1 couldn’t.. But I was 29 yrs old and deathly skinny at the time…so no, unfortunately one day, my life changed forever…I was a type 1 diabetic. At one time, people ate healthy. They had a lot of fat in their diet. They ate fatty meats, lots of butter, used lard (not my parents but lard was used), ate the skin on chicken, had cream, and get this, we were a skinny country. But a doctor said that to lower heart disease and reduce cholesterol, you had to have a low or non-fat diet of course this was never proven or studied. Everyone took his word as golden. Consumers started to change their diets drastically and all of a sudden demanded an extremely low-fat/non-fat diet.
I really wanted to like the healthy keto diet with tons of vegetables, coconut oil, etc.. Felt incredible energy and mental clarity. But developed terrible cramps and beginnings of neuropathy. Also my blood sugar was in the pre-diabetic range and wouldn’t come down. Couldn’t figure it out. Went on the mediterranean diet and blood sugar has returned to normal. Better circulation, no cramps. Found a scientific study that said high lipids cause a fatty pancreas and disfunction. I guess saturated fat didn’t work for me, everybody’s different.
The question is also is PUFA’s the main cause of the cellular dysfunction….and not just over carbohydrate consumption?? Continuous glucose monitoring shows that strict KETO people have insulin resistance after a few years too. Watch the article of Paul Saladino on this. It seems that KETO can cause metabolic inflexibility after some years. I agree you have to remove the carbs for a period…but hopefully not indefinitely as quality carbohydrates provide many benefits, reducing cortisol, as well as providing many polyphenols, resveratrol and other anti oxidants. When you look at the graphs of exponential rise in seed oils they go hand in hand with diabetes as well as high fructose corn syrup. The only thing I would say about consumption of quality carbs (only) is ensure this is followed by exercise (so you burn off the glucose). I also think you will not get diabetes until your liver beta cells have also been compromised!
How about exocrine pancreas insufficiency ? Is there some way to produce again all pancreatic hormones with proper amount to digest food or our only choice is taking pancreatic enzymes ? I would like to hear your opinion Doc. I can not digest food properly, I am eating healthy as much as I can, I was also 1 year on keto, but my problems have not been solved because my digestion is terible.. so everything I put in.. goes probably Out does not matter if it is junk food or super healthy keto food.. my body wont take anything from it… what should people like me do ?? Taking pancreatic enzymes all the time is pretty expensive and thinking about that I have to taking it for my whole life when I am only 24 is prety scary.
I was told by my primary that there is no way to measure insulin in a blood test 😳😳😂 …I think I need a new doctor. I asked for a Homa-I R test and he asked why because my A1c was 4.9 ..I am a three year believer in Dr.Berg … my Doctor is surprised by my success,but says I’am a ” Results not typical ” person and was just lucky …lol he even told me to stop perusal Dr.Bergs articles and Dr. Ken Berry articles 😳…. my response : no way …. I’am their followers and believers for the rest of my life. I no longer take any diabetic medications …and he actually said that to me 😳
Dr Berg, please make a article about heavy periods that many women have. When you go to doctor, they always give birth control pills which makes my bleeding worse. I am anemic because of this even if I eat red meat a lot. Every month I loose so much blood that I cannot even stand up during my period not to mention the pain it causes. Keto solved my many health problems but not this one. Thanks for all your effort and all the beneficial information 👍
@Dr. Eric Berg When does one actually enter into ketosis? In several articles of your and other, it’s said that glucose from blood and glycogen reserves in Liver deplete around 24 hours into fasting, and body enters into ketosis. In some other article of yours you said, it takes months to enter into ketosis? What is correct? Maybe I have interpretted it wrong or I have wrong info.
Is it possible to test liver for severity of liver disfunction with alcohol and a breathalyzer? Start sober to make sure ketones aren’t giving a false positive. Then consume a single shot. Breathalyze every 5 minutes until sober again, and record the curve. A fatty liver would take longer than a healthy liver to return to sobriety. Test say once a month? Maybe every other week to track progress?
Wonderful article as always! Is it possible that a kid becomes a type1 diabetic for the same reason that u explained in the article. Another word can a kid be type 2 for a long time ( without knowing) and then turn to type 1 after a long time of being type 2 and having lots of fat around pancreas?? What test can be done on kids to look at their pancreas when the child is type1 diabetic? Please Dr. Berg do a article on type1 diabetics in kids and share your priceless knowledge and thoughts with us. Thank you
Hello. I need some advice. I was bordeline diabetic with fasting glucose level around 6 while eating high carb meals at night. I tried an experiment, went keto and intermittent fasting (OMAD). fasting glucose level went down to 4.5 but if i eat my high carb meal again, my fasting glucose level the next morning goes above 8 . I am so confused. Now i dont know what to do anymore
So you’re saying beta cells don’t burn out? Interesting. I am interested in learning why a sibling could be overweight their entire life and not get diabetes but the thin sibling does. Wait a minute, I just gave this some thought. No, not all people with diabetes are fat. The diabetes comes first, then the hunger which causes the overeating and desire for carbs which then become stored energy. Plenty of people are skinny, never been fat, but have type II diabetes, AKA adult onset.
Eric,dude you living in mid east gave you lot of GD old info,is why fasting,,ramdan,,is forspritualm as well as body cure too. Early people’s use to fast twice weekly at least for spritual reasons but gave them GD body and good mental health s too. You doing GD to lift up everage USA citizens..GD luck.,,Eric fix,s..