Are Enzymes Produced By The Smoother?

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is a membranous organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, a subset of the endomembrane system of the endoplasmic reticulum. Its main functions include lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium concentration, drug detoxification, and the production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones. The SER lacks ribosomes, giving it a smooth appearance under a microscope.

The SER plays a role in the conversion of glycogen to glucose, with glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzing the final step in glucose production in the liver. In skeletal muscle cells, SER occurs as a specialized cell. Enzymes within the SER, such as cytochrome P450, are pivotal in transforming lipophilic toxins into more water-soluble forms, facilitating their detoxification.

The smooth ER also contains enzymes that synthesize the lipid components of lipoproteins and catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful substances. Due to the electron transfer chain in the SER, it is estimated that it is responsible for approximately 80% of protein folding.

The smooth ER is continuous with the RER but has few or no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface. Its network of tubules and vesicles allows for the storage of key enzymes and biogenic products, as well as the detoxifying enzymes that inactivate lipid-soluble compounds.

In summary, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is a vital organelle in eukaryotic cells, playing a crucial role in various metabolic processes, including lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium concentration, drug detoxification, and the production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones.

Which part of the endoplasmic reticulum would produce enzymes?

Answer and Explanation: The part of the endoplasmic reticulum that produces digestive enzymes that are sent to the digestive tract is rough endoplasmic reticulum.

How is RER involved in production of enzymes?

The RER and Golgi apparatus are involved with producing, packaging and transporting proteins in a cell. This process can be used to produce and export extracellular enzymes.

You’ve read 0 of your 10 free revision notes. Unlock more, it’s free!

Join the 100, 000 + Students that ❤️ Save My Exams. the (exam) results speak for themselves:

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth er?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does not have ribosomes on its membrane. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum possesses ribosomes attached to its membrane. It is organized of vesicles and tubules. It is organized of cisternae and a few tubules.

The main difference between these two terminologies is that the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is known for stocking the lipids and proteins. It is not bounded by ribosomes. Whereas, the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is bounded by the ribosomes and also stores proteins. Learn the difference between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Let us unfold more key points that exhibit the difference between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum or SER appears to be like a smooth surface when viewed from the electron microscope as they do not contain ribosomes. They are also known as Agranular Endoplasmic Reticulum. The SER plays a vital role in the production, storage, and secretion of the steroid hormones and lipids. It also helps in the manufacturing process of new membranes and the metabolism of carbohydrates.

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does not have ribosomes on its membrane. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum possesses ribosomes attached to its membrane. It is organized of vesicles and tubules. It is organized of cisternae and a few tubules.

The main difference between these two terminologies is that the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is known for stocking the lipids and proteins. It is not bounded by ribosomes. Whereas, the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is bounded by the ribosomes and also stores proteins. Learn the difference between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Let us unfold more key points that exhibit the difference between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum or SER appears to be like a smooth surface when viewed from the electron microscope as they do not contain ribosomes. They are also known as Agranular Endoplasmic Reticulum. The SER plays a vital role in the production, storage, and secretion of the steroid hormones and lipids. It also helps in the manufacturing process of new membranes and the metabolism of carbohydrates.

Does smooth ER produce enzymes?

The liver’s main cell type, the hepatocyte, is a cell with an abundant smooth ER membrane. It is the primary site of producing lipoprotein particles, which carry lipids via the bloodstream to other parts of the body. The membrane contains enzymes that synthesize lipid components of lipoproteins and catalyze a series of detoxification reactions to detoxify lipid-soluble drugs and harmful compounds produced by metabolism. The cytochrome P450 family of enzymes is the most extensively studied of these detoxification reactions.

When large quantities of certain compounds, such as the drug phenobarbital, enter the circulation, detoxification enzymes are synthesized in the liver in unusually large amounts, causing the smooth ER membrane to double in surface area within a few days. Once the drug has disappeared, the excess smooth ER membrane is rapidly removed by a lysosome-dependent process called autophagocytosis.

The ER also serves a function in most eucaryotic cells to sequester Ca 2+ from the cytosol. The release of Ca 2+ into the cytosol and its subsequent reuptake is involved in many rapid responses to extracellular signals. In some cell types, specific regions of the ER are specialized for Ca 2+ storage, such as muscle cells with an abundant specialized smooth ER called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Does rough or smooth ER synthesize proteins?

Introduction. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a structure found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Its composition has two components: the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The SER is generally used for the creation/ storage of lipids and steroids, while the RER plays a significant role in the synthesis of various proteins. The RER is termed “rough” due ribosomal attachments to the surface compared to the SER, which does not have ribosomes.

Structure. The RER is morphologically distinguishable by its series of convoluted, flattened like membrane sheets (called cisternae) that arise near the nucleus and extend across the cytoplasm. Sections of the cisternae contain ribosomes, held together by microtubules of the cytoskeleton. Changes in the pattern of microtubule polymerization lead to a change in RER morphology. Furthermore, the ribosomes of the RER are not permanently attached to the membrane. They constantly attach and detach to the membrane as needed for protein synthesis.

Edges of the ER sheets tend to have a degree of high-curvature that require stabilization. Proteins that help with this stabilization are reticulons and DP1/Yop1p. These integral membrane proteins contribute to the curvature by forming a transmembrane hairpin that acts as a wedge. This protein made wedge displaces lipids in the outer leaflet of the bilayer, which further creates the curvature of the ER membrane.

Does the smooth ER make hormones?

Smooth ER is a crucial component in lipid metabolism, particularly in steroid-producing cells like the testis and ovary. It also contains enzymes that metabolize lipid-soluble compounds, inactivating potentially harmful drugs by converting them to water-soluble compounds. The smooth ER is involved in multiple aspects of lipid metabolism.

Proteins and lipids are exported from the ER through transport vesicles, which bud from the membrane of one organelle and fuse with the membrane of another. These molecules are then transported to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and the Golgi apparatus. Vesicular transport occurs between different compartments of the Golgi and from the Golgi to lysosomes or the plasma membrane. Membrane proteins and lipids are transported similarly, maintaining their topological orientation as they travel from one membrane-enclosed organelle to another.

Protein domains exposed on the cytosolic side of the ER membrane will also be exposed on the cytosolic side of the Golgi and plasma membranes, while protein domains exposed on the lumenal side of the ER membrane will be exposed on the lumenal side of the Golgi and on the exterior of the cell. Vesicular transport from the ER to the Golgi involves vesicles and tubules that fuse to form the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC).

What does RER and SER produce?

Introduction. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a structure found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Its composition has two components: the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The SER is generally used for the creation/ storage of lipids and steroids, while the RER plays a significant role in the synthesis of various proteins. The RER is termed “rough” due ribosomal attachments to the surface compared to the SER, which does not have ribosomes.

Structure. The RER is morphologically distinguishable by its series of convoluted, flattened like membrane sheets (called cisternae) that arise near the nucleus and extend across the cytoplasm. Sections of the cisternae contain ribosomes, held together by microtubules of the cytoskeleton. Changes in the pattern of microtubule polymerization lead to a change in RER morphology. Furthermore, the ribosomes of the RER are not permanently attached to the membrane. They constantly attach and detach to the membrane as needed for protein synthesis.

Edges of the ER sheets tend to have a degree of high-curvature that require stabilization. Proteins that help with this stabilization are reticulons and DP1/Yop1p. These integral membrane proteins contribute to the curvature by forming a transmembrane hairpin that acts as a wedge. This protein made wedge displaces lipids in the outer leaflet of the bilayer, which further creates the curvature of the ER membrane.

What organelle produces enzymes?

Golgi apparatus is responsible for secretion of enzymes and hormones.

Which one of the following cell organelles is correctly matched with its function ? (a) Ribosomes — Synthesis of proteins (b) Mitochondria — Secretion of enzymes (c) Plasma membrane — Freely permeable (d) Centrosome — Carries genes.

Q. name the cell organelles connected with secretion of enzymes.

Q. Name the cell organelles concerned with: (iii) Synthesis of proteins.

What is the product of the smooth ER?

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in many metabolic processes. It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids. Cells that secrete these products, such as cells of the testes, ovaries, and skin oil glands, have an excess of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

About ScienceDirect Shopping cart Contact and support Terms and conditions Privacy policy.

Cookies are used by this site. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies.

Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the Creative Commons licensing terms apply.

Are enzymes synthesized in the rough ER?

RER is the site of protein synthesis and hence synthesizes the lysosomal enzymes, while the SER synthesizes lipids. N ucleoid is the region of a prokaryotic cell that houses the main DNA material.