Do You Uppercase Some Enzyme Names?

In summary, it is important to avoid species-specific names that relate to phenotype, anatomical features, or taxon-specific characteristics. Instead, use widely recognized gene symbols in combination with a functional name rather than a phenotypical name. For most common purposes, use italics for genus/species names, genes, loci, and alleles, and parts of chemical names as appropriate. Enzymes increase the rate of reactions by catalyzing them and are commonly named based on the substrate they act upon and the type of reaction they catalyze.

If a gene does not yet have an approved name or symbol, it may be possible to propose new name or symbol designations to the relevant database or its professional association. In general, symbols for genes are italicized, and only the genus of a binomial name is capitalized. Accepted name is the most commonly used name for the enzyme, provided it is neither unambiguous nor misleading. Gene names typically end with ‘ase’ (aminoacylase, arginase, etc.).

Scientific names are always italicized, but it is not necessary to italicize when using a word. Chemical compound names are not capitalized, but the first letter of each elemental symbol should be capitalized. Enzyme names typically end with ‘ase’ (aminoacylase, arginase, etc.).

Many journals now avoid italics for enzyme names, but enzyme names can be italicized if desired. Enzymes have three different names: Accepted Name: pyruvate kinase, Full Gene Names: italicized, all lower case, Never use Greek symbols, Gene Names: italicized, all lower case, Cyclops (in italics), Cyc (in italics).

Do you italicize enzyme names?

Restriction Enzymes. Do not use italics for the first three letters and close up the entire name, e. g., AccI, HaeII. Removal of italics is a change made by IUPAC in 2003.

Semicolons. See CBE, pp. 46-48, for the four general uses and five specialized uses of semicolons. Here are examples of common uses:

Certain treatments were more effective than others in eliminating the contaminating DNA; however, to achieve this there was a decrease in sensitivity.

What are the rules for naming enzymes?

Except for some of the originally studied enzymes such as pepsin, rennin, and trypsin, most enzyme names end in “ase”. The International Union of Biochemistry (I. U. B.) initiated standards of enzyme nomenclature which recommend that enzyme names indicate both the substrate acted upon and the type of reaction catalyzed. Under this system, the enzyme uricase is called urate: O 2 oxidoreductase, while the enzyme glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) is called L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase.

Enzymes can be classified by the kind of chemical reaction catalyzed.

• Hydrolases – these include esterases, carbohydrases, nucleases, deaminases, amidases, and proteases
• Hydrases such as fumarase, enolase, aconitase and carbonic anhydrase

Are enzyme names capitalized?

Use lowercase except for acronyms or proper nouns. Examples: proteasome core particle subunit beta 5 not Proteasome CORE PARTICLE subunit BETA 5.

These guidelines have been produced jointly by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the Protein Information Resource (PIR) and the Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB) and are intended for use by anyone who wants to name a protein to promote consistency in protein naming across databases, which aids data retrieval and improves communication.

• A. Language
• B. Abbreviations and symbols
• C. Punctuation
• D. Notation
• E. Style and format
• F. Word usage

• A. Sources of protein name annotation
• B. Naming procedure for specific cases

How do you write the name of an enzyme?

Nearly all enzymes end with the suffix of “-ase.” Generally, the names are of the form “substrate or product – reaction catalyzed.” For example, lactate dehydrogenase is for an enzyme that removes a hydrogen (plus 2e–, i. e., a hydride) from lactate, yielding the carbonyl in pyruvate.

Should specific animals be capitalized?

Capitalize personal names, nicknames, and epithets. Capitalize animals’ names if part or all of the name is derived from a proper noun. Do not capitalize if the name is not derived from a proper name. Capitalize the first and second word in hyphenated proper names.

Can scientific names be written in capital letters?

The binomial name consists of a genus name and specific epithet. The scientific names of species are italicized. The genus name is always capitalized and is written first; the specific epithet follows the genus name and is not capitalized. There is no exception to this.

From above example, note that the classifications go from general (Animalia) to specific ( C. lupus ). A species, by definition, is the combination of both the genus and specific epithet, not just the epithet. For example, we can use the term gray wolf but we cannot use just Canis or lupus to describe this animal. Canis lupus is a species.

Writing Scientific Names of Animals. When writing, we use both the scientific name and the “common” name on the first mention. We then choose which to use throughout and make it consistent.

Is methanol capitalized?

1. Chemical names. The names of chemicals are not capitalized unless they are the first word of a sentence. In such a case, the first letter of the syllabic portion is capitalized, not the descriptor or prefix. Note that prefixes such as Tris- and Bis- (which are not commonly italicized) are considered part of the name. The following table shows several examples.

2. Chemical elements. Within a sentence, the names of chemical elements are not capitalized, but the first letter of a chemical symbol should always be capitalized (e. g., “The sample contained calcium atoms” and “The sample contained Ca atoms”).

3. Chemical formulas. Within a sentence, the names of chemical compounds are not capitalized, but the first letter of each elemental symbol should be capitalized (e. g., “We added sodium hydroxide ” and “We added NaOH ). Note that symbols and words should not be mixed (that is, avoid saying ” K chloride “).

Do you capitalize the names of proteins?

Flies: Gene names and symbols begin with an upper-case letter if: the gene is named for a protein or the gene was first named for a mutant phenotype that is dominant to the wild-type phenotype (e. g., Rpp30 ). Gene names and symbols begin with a lower-case letter if the gene was first named for a mutant phenotype that is recessive to the wild-type phenotype (e. g., kis ). Gene symbols are italicized. Symbols for proteins that were named for genes begin with an upper-case letter, but there are no accepted formatting guidelines for proteins that were not named for genes. Protein symbols are not italicized.

Worms: Gene symbols are italicized and generally composed of three to four letters, a hyphen, and an Arabic number (e. g., abu-1 ). Protein symbols are not italicized, and all letters are in upper-case (e. g., ABU-1).

Bacteria: Gene symbols are typically composed of three lower-case, italicized letters that serve as an abbreviation of the process or pathway in which the gene product is involved (e. g., rpo genes encode R NA po lymerase). To distinguish among different alleles, the abbreviation is followed by an upper-case letter (e. g., the rpoB gene encodes the β subunit of RNA polymerase). Protein symbols are not italicized, and the first letter is upper-case (e. g., RpoB).

Are specific species names capitalized?

Species names Lowercase the names of animals, birds, fish and trees. Only proper nouns get capitalized, for example: northern flicker. sea otter.

Is potassium capitalized?

Chemical element names are not included in the definition of proper nouns. So they are only capitalized when they are the first word of a sentence — because the first word of a sentence is always capitalized.

Is iodine capitalized?

Chemical element names are not included in the definition of proper nouns. So they are only capitalized when they are the first word of a sentence — because the first word of a sentence is always capitalized.