Quizlet: What Causes Persistent Antral Gastritis?

Chronic gastritis is a condition that causes the deterioration and atrophy of the stomach’s lining, leading to the loss of parietal cell function and the inability to absorb vitamin B12. This results in pernicious anemia. The primary cause of chronic gastritis is a Helicobacter pylori infection, which typically starts with a non-atrophic morphology.

Challenges of chronic gastritis include gastric atrophy (GA) and intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa (GIM), which can lead to the development of gastric adenocarcinoma (GC). This type of gastritis has a higher incidence of gastric cancers. The pathophysiology of gastritis involves disrupting mucus membranes and allowing gastric acid to come into contact with the gastric acid.

Antral gastritis (type B) is the most common form of gastritis, associated with Helicobacter pylori bacteria or the chronic use of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances. It is more common than fundal gastritis and is caused by H.

The most common cause of chronic (antral) gastritis is chronic bacterial infection by Helicobacter pylori, which can result in gastrointestinal bleeding. Alcohol and certain drugs can cause acute or chronic gastritis, depending on their usage and chemical erosion of the stomach lining. Atrophic gastritis refers to the thinning down or degeneration of gastric glands responsible for producing hydrochloric acid.

In summary, chronic gastritis is a serious health issue that can lead to a variety of complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and the development of autoantibodies to the gastric H+/K+ ATPase. It is essential to seek medical attention and make lifestyle and dietary changes to manage this condition effectively.

What is the main cause of gastritis?

It can be caused by drinking too much alcohol, certain medicines, or smoking.

Some diseases and other health issues can also cause gastritis.

Symptoms may include stomach pain, belching, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bleeding, feeling full, and blood in vomit or stool.

In most cases, you will be given antacids and other medicines to reduce your stomach acid.

Don’t have foods or drinks that irritate your stomach lining.

Which condition is the most common cause of chronic gastritis?

Infections. Infections are among the most common causes of gastritis, especially acute gastritis. Bacterial infections and viral infections associated with the stomach flu can cause a short-term reaction that usually clears by itself. H. pylori infection is a common, chronic bacterial infection that can cause chronic gastritis. Less commonly, parasite infections and fungal infections can also cause acute or chronic gastritis.

Chemicals. Alcohol and certain drugs can cause either acute or chronic gastritis, depending on how much and how often you use them. They can cause chemical erosion of your stomach lining (erosive gastritis). Overuse of NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, is one of the most common causes of acute gastritis. Some recreational drugs, like cocaine, may also cause it.

Autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases cause chronic inflammation. In autoimmune disease, your immune system mistakenly attacks your body’s own cells with inflammation. Chronic autoimmune gastritis can happen spontaneously. Or, more rarely, you may have gastritis as a side effect of another autoimmune disease.

Which bacteria commonly causes chronic gastritis?

Bacterial infection is another cause of acute gastritis. The corkscrew-shaped bacterium H pylori is the most common cause of gastritis, and complications result from a chronic infection rather than from an acute infection. The prevalence of H pylori in otherwise healthy individuals varies depending on the patient’s age, socioeconomic class, and country of origin. The infection is usually acquired in childhood. In the Western world, the number of people infected with H pylori increases with age.

Evidence of H pylori infection can be found in 20% of individuals younger than 40 years and in 50% of individuals older than 60 years. How the bacterium is transmitted is not entirely clear, but transmission is likely from person to person through the oral-fecal route or through the ingestion of contaminated water or food. This is why the prevalence is higher in those of lower socioeconomic classes and in developing countries. H pylori is associated with 60% of gastric ulcers and 80% of duodenal ulcers.

H pylori gastritis typically starts as an acute gastritis in the antrum, causing intense inflammation and, over time, it may extend to involve the entire gastric mucosa, resulting in chronic gastritis.

What is a cause of chronic antral gastritis?

If the protective layer of mucus in the stomach is damaged, gastric acids can irritate the stomach lining underneath the mucus.

In the great majority of cases, chronic gastritis is caused by the bacteria H. pylori. 18 These bacteria create an inflammation of the stomach lining and, gradually, stomach cells become damaged. Infection with_H. pylori_ is usually acquired in childhood, though symptoms do very often not develop until later in life.

Chronic gastritis can also be caused by several chemical substances. These causes include:

• Repeated, high dose and/or prolonged use of certain pain-relievers such as aspirin, which may also be prescribed for non-pain treatment in lower doses, e. g., after a heart attack, or NSAID drugs such as ibuprofen or naproxen- Excessive consumption of alcohol.
• Bile, a liquid the liver produces to aid digestion, entering the stomach. This is known as bile reflux

What bacteria causes antral gastritis?

H. pylori infection is now widely accepted as the cause of the most common form of chronic gastritis, attributing to atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, which predispose to peptic ulceration. The first identification of spiral organisms closely applied to the gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis revealed an etiological explanation for a series of pathological changes that had been long-recognized but not understood. However, our ignorance led to a variety of possible causes including stress, excessive alcohol consumption, bile reflux, and even the ingestion of hot beverages and spicy food.

The importance of Helicobacter pylori infection to the pathologist is threefold: it provides an etiology for chronic gastritis that can be readily identified in histological sections using simple techniques; it offers plausible explanations for the tissue changes observed; and it affords explanations for hitherto inexplicable differences in the patterns of inflammation seen in different clinical phenotypes.

The acute phase of infection is subclinical in the majority of subjects, with organisms entering through the viscid mucous layer and multiplying in close proximity to the surface epithelial cells. The epithelium responds to infection by mucin depletion, cellular exfoliation, and compensatory regenerative changes. Polymorph infiltration into foveolar and surface epithelium, lamina propria edema, collections of polymorphs in the foveolae, and adherent neutrophil exudate on the surface may also be present.

The acute response is mediated by the release of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and chemotactic moieties, which penetrate through the damaged surface epithelium and induce polymorph emigration into the lamina propria and epithelium. H. pylori stimulates the gastric epithelium to produce a potent neutrophil chemokine interleukin (IL), which is up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1 released by macrophages in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

What is the primary cause of gastritis?

The most common causes of gastritis are: Certain medicines, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen and other similar drugs. Heavy alcohol drinking. Infection of the stomach with a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori.

Gastritis occurs when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen.

Gastritis may last for only a short time (acute gastritis) or it may linger for months to years (chronic gastritis).

The esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine, aided by the liver, gallbladder and pancreas convert the nutritive components of food into energy and break down the non-nutritive components into waste to be excreted.

What is the most common cause of gastritis worldwide?

There are two categories of gastritis depending on the cause of the disease. There is erosive gastritis, for which the common causes are stress, alcohol, some drugs, such as aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and Crohn’s disease. And, there is non-erosive gastritis, for which the most common cause is a Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomachs of more than half of the world’s population, and the infection continues to play a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of gastroduodenal diseases. Colonization of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori results in the development of chronic gastritis in infected individuals and, in a subset of patients, chronic gastritis progresses to complications (e. g., ulcer disease, stomach cancers, and some distinct extragastric disorders). Gastritis caused by H. pylori infection is termed Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis, and listed as a disease in ICD11. More than 80% of individuals infected with the bacterium are asymptomatic and it has been postulated that it may play an important role in the natural stomach ecology.

Gastritis may also develop after major surgery or traumatic injury (” Cushing ulcer “), burns (” Curling ulcer “), or severe infections. Gastritis may also occur in those who have had weight loss surgery resulting in the banding or reconstruction of the digestive tract. ( citation needed )

What bacteria causes chronic gastritis?

H. pylori infection occurs when H. pylori bacteria infect your stomach. H. pylori bacteria are usually passed from person to person through direct contact with saliva, vomit or stool. H. pylori may also be spread through contaminated food or water. The exact way H. pylori bacteria causes gastritis or a peptic ulcer in some people is still unknown.

People often get H. pylori infection during childhood. Risk factors for H. pylori infection are related to living conditions in childhood, such as:

• Living in crowded conditions. Living in a home with many other people can increase your risk of H. pylori infection.
• Living without a reliable supply of clean water. Having a reliable supply of clean, running water helps reduce the risk of H. pylori.
• Living in a developing country. People living in developing countries have a higher risk of H. pylori infection. This may be because crowded and unsanitary living conditions may be more common in developing countries.
• Living with someone who has an H. pylori infection. You’re more likely to have H. pylori infection if you live with someone who has H. pylori infection.

What is the cause of chronic reactive gastritis?

Chronic reactive chemical gastropathy. Chronic reactive chemical gastritis is associated with long-term intake of aspirin or NSAIDs. It also develops when bile-containing intestinal contents reflux into the stomach. Although bile reflux may occur in the intact stomach, most of the features associated with bile reflux are typically found in patients with partial gastrectomy, in whom the lesions develop near the surgical stoma.

The mechanisms through which bile alters the gastric epithelium involve the effects of several bile constituents. Both lysolecithin and bile acids can disrupt the gastric mucous barrier, allowing the back diffusion of positive hydrogen ions and resulting in cellular injury. Pancreatic juice enhances epithelial injury in addition to bile acids. In contrast to other chronic gastropathies, minimal inflammation of the gastric mucosa typically occurs in chemical gastropathy.

Chronic noninfectious granulomatous gastritis. Noninfectious diseases are the usual cause of gastric granulomas; these include Crohn disease, sarcoidosis, and isolated granulomatous gastritis. Crohn disease demonstrates gastric involvement in approximately 33% of the cases. Granulomas have also been described in association with gastric malignancies, including carcinoma and malignant lymphoma. Sarcoidlike granulomas may be observed in people who use cocaine, and foreign material is occasionally observed in the granuloma. An underlying cause of chronic granulomatous gastritis cannot be identified in up to 25% of cases. These patients are considered to have idiopathic granulomatous gastritis (IGG). reference_ids_tool_tip reference_ids.

Which one is the common bacteria causing gastritis?

Helicobacter pylori type bacteria is the most common of gastritis.

• Salmonella
• Helicobacter pylori
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below). Option 2 : Helicobacter pylori.

Explanation: Gastritis is the combination of inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the stomach.

What is the unknown cause of gastritis?

Ménétrier disease, a rare disorder whose cause is unknown, is a type of gastritis in which the stomach wall develops thick, large folds and fluid-filled cysts. The disease may be due to an abnormal immune reaction and has also been associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Gastritis usually causes no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they vary depending on the cause and may include pain or discomfort or nausea or vomiting, problems that are often simply referred to as indigestion (dyspepsia).

Nausea and intermittent vomiting can result from more severe forms of gastritis such as erosive gastritis and radiation gastritis.