Which Enzyme Among The Following Is Directly In Charge Of Transcription?

DNA replication and transcription are two essential processes in the body. DNA polymerase is the primary enzyme needed for replication, while RNA polymerase is responsible for transcription. RNA polymerase synthesizes an RNA molecule from a DNA template and unwinds the DNA for transcription to take place. The initiation of transcription occurs when RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to a region of DNA called the promoter. Polymerases, large enzymes composed of approximately a dozen subunits, are typically complexed with other factors when active on DNA.

Transcription is the first step in decoding a cell’s genetic information. During transcription, RNA polymerases build complementary RNA molecules. The region of unwinding is called a transcription bubble. DNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to produce a pre-mRNA transcript, which is processed to form a mature mRNA molecule.

RNA polymerase II is responsible for the transcription of mRNA in Eukaryotic cells. During transcription, RNA polymerase makes a copy of a gene from the DNA to mRNA as needed. RNA polymerase requires other proteins to produce the transcript, which are either associated directly or indirectly with the enzyme.

In summary, DNA replication and transcription involve the use of various enzymes, including DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and other factors. RNA polymerase is crucial for the synthesis of mRNA from protein-coding genes and has been the focus of most studies on transcription in various organisms.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcribing mRNA in eukaryotic cells?

RNA polymerase II Answer 17: – D) RNA polymerase II RNA Polymerase II is responsible for the transcription of mRNA in the Eukaryotic cells.’);))();(function()(window. jsl. dh(‘YPMrZ6KDHtrwi-gPtKG-4Ao__44′,’

What are the major enzymes for transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Initiation and Termination MechanismsProkaryotic transcription initiation involves single RNA polymerase and sigma factors. Eukaryotic transcription initiation uses multiple RNA polymerases and complex array of transcription factors.

Which of the following enzymes is required for transcription?

• RNA polymerase is the main enzyme involved in transcription. It generally uses single-strand DNA to synthesize complementary RNA strands.
• In prokaryotes, only a single polymerase is required to bind with the DNA strands,
• The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase also binds to the promoter and catalyzes polymerization in 5′ to 3′ direction on the template strand.
• Once it reaches the terminator sequence, the process generally terminates and the newly synthesized RNA strand is released.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcription of ribosomal?

Enzyme required for transcription is DNA dependent RNA polymerase.

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Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcribing tRNA?

Transcription is the process of converting DNA sequences into RNA, which is used to encode proteins. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small chain RNA that transfers specific amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain during translation. It has a site for amino acid attachment and a three-base region called the anticodon, which recognizes the corresponding three-base codon region on mRNA via complementary base pairing. In eukaryotic cells, tRNA transcription is performed by RNA polymerase or RNA polymerase III. RNA polymerase III matches DNA nucleotides with complementary RNA nucleotides, producing a new RNA molecule. The initial transcripts are precursor molecules, which are processed into mature tRNAs. The primary transcript in eukaryotic cells is the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), which passes through processing and eventually produces mRNA. The synthesis of hnRNA is performed by RNA polymerase II enzyme, which can read the DNA sequence and add complementary nucleotides for the production of new RNA molecules. RNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase II enzymes are responsible for the transcription of tRNA and hnRNA from template DNA strands.

Which is required for transcription?

Before transcription can take place, the DNA double helix must unwind near the gene that is getting transcribed. The region of opened-up DNA is called a transcription bubble. Transcription uses one of the two exposed DNA strands as a template; this strand is called the template strand.

What are the enzymes responsible for the transcription of tRNA?

Transcription is the process of converting DNA sequences into RNA, which is used to encode proteins. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small chain RNA that transfers specific amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain during translation. It has a site for amino acid attachment and a three-base region called the anticodon, which recognizes the corresponding three-base codon region on mRNA via complementary base pairing. In eukaryotic cells, tRNA transcription is performed by RNA polymerase or RNA polymerase III. RNA polymerase III matches DNA nucleotides with complementary RNA nucleotides, producing a new RNA molecule. The initial transcripts are precursor molecules, which are processed into mature tRNAs. The primary transcript in eukaryotic cells is the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), which passes through processing and eventually produces mRNA. The synthesis of hnRNA is performed by RNA polymerase II enzyme, which can read the DNA sequence and add complementary nucleotides for the production of new RNA molecules. RNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase II enzymes are responsible for the transcription of tRNA and hnRNA from template DNA strands.

What enzymes are responsible for transcription?

The enzymes that perform transcription are called RNA polymerases. Like the DNA polymerase that catalyzes DNA replication (discussed in Chapter 5), RNA polymerases catalyze the formation of the phosphodiester bonds that link the nucleotides together to form a linear chain. The RNA polymerase moves stepwise along the DNA, unwinding the DNA helix just ahead of the active site for polymerization to expose a new region of the template strand for complementary base-pairing. In this way, the growing RNA chain is extended by one nucleotide at a time in the 5′-to-3′ direction ( Figure 6-8 ). The substrates are nucleoside triphosphates (ATP, CTP, UTP, and GTP); as for DNA replication, a hydrolysis of high-energy bonds provides the energy needed to drive the reaction forward (see Figure 5-4 ).

Figure 6-8. DNA is transcribed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase (pale blue) moves stepwise along the DNA, unwinding the DNA helix at its active site. As it progresses, the polymerase adds nucleotides (here, small “T” shapes) one by (more…)

The almost immediate release of the RNA strand from the DNA as it is synthesized means that many RNA copies can be made from the same gene in a relatively short time, the synthesis of additional RNA molecules being started before the first RNA is completed ( Figure 6-9 ). When RNA polymerase molecules follow hard on each other’s heels in this way, each moving at about 20 nucleotides per second (the speed in eucaryotes), over a thousand transcripts can be synthesized in an hour from a single gene.

What enzyme is responsible for mRNA?

Enzyme RNA polymerase II mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus using the nucleotide sequence of DNA as a template. This process requires nucleotide triphosphates as substrates and is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase II.

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What enzyme is responsible for translation?

Protein synthesis is a crucial process in the body, involving the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids using tRNAs. Peptidyl transferase, located in the large subunit of ribosomes, catalyzes this process by adding amino acid residues to allow the polypeptide chain to grow. The enzyme is entirely composed of RNA and is mediated by ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a ribozyme made up of ribonucleotides.

In prokaryotes, the 23S subunit contains the peptidyl transferase between the A-site and O-site of tRNA, while in eukaryotes, it is found in the 28S subunit. Ribosomal translation is initiated when ribosomes recognize the starting point of mRNA, where it binds a molecule of tRNA that bears a single amino acid. The ribosome then shifts its position on the mRNA and repeats the elongation cycle. When the elongation process reaches the stop codon, the amino acid chain folds spontaneously to form a protein.

Protein synthesis is facilitated by several catalytic proteins, including initiation, elongation, termination factors, and guanosine triphosphates (GTP). GTP releases energy when converted into GDP. The initiation process of translation involves several steps, including binding to the upstream on the 5′ end at the start of mRNA, scanning the mRNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction, and recognizing the start codon.

Which enzyme is responsible for translation?

Protein synthesis is a crucial process in the body, involving the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids using tRNAs. Peptidyl transferase, located in the large subunit of ribosomes, catalyzes this process by adding amino acid residues to allow the polypeptide chain to grow. The enzyme is entirely composed of RNA and is mediated by ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a ribozyme made up of ribonucleotides.

In prokaryotes, the 23S subunit contains the peptidyl transferase between the A-site and O-site of tRNA, while in eukaryotes, it is found in the 28S subunit. Ribosomal translation is initiated when ribosomes recognize the starting point of mRNA, where it binds a molecule of tRNA that bears a single amino acid. The ribosome then shifts its position on the mRNA and repeats the elongation cycle. When the elongation process reaches the stop codon, the amino acid chain folds spontaneously to form a protein.

Protein synthesis is facilitated by several catalytic proteins, including initiation, elongation, termination factors, and guanosine triphosphates (GTP). GTP releases energy when converted into GDP. The initiation process of translation involves several steps, including binding to the upstream on the 5′ end at the start of mRNA, scanning the mRNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction, and recognizing the start codon.