The citric acid cycle is a complex process that involves the production of various compounds, including citrate, malate, and aconitase. High levels of acetyl CoA, derived from pyruvate dehydrogenase and fatty acids catabolism, increase flux through the cycle by allosterically activating the first enzyme in the pathway, citrate synthase. This energy is used in substrate-level phosphorylation to form either guanine triphosphate (GTP) or ATP.
The citrate cycle is regulated by three enzymes: citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Citrate synthase is the first enzyme in the citric acid cycle, which condenses acetyl-CoA onto oxaloacetate to generate citrate. It is inhibited by NADH, ATP, and succinyl-CoA. Isocitrate dehydrogenase is also inhibited by ATP, activated by ADP and NAD+.
Citrate synthase is the most important enzyme in the citric acid cycle, as it is responsible for the oxidative decarboxylation reactions that produce CO2, NADH, and succinyl-CoA. Other enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle include phosphofructokinase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
In conclusion, the citric acid cycle is a complex process that involves the production of various compounds, including citrate, malate, and aconitase. The role of these enzymes in the citric acid cycle is crucial for maintaining the balance of nutrients and energy production.
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